wszyscy myślą, że to dno. ale na dnie tak nie wieje...
2: If the item has a right-pointing arrow-head you will move into the
cascading menu, see Section E 3 below.
E 2.1: Selecting Options from Pull-Down Menus
By default, when the pull-down menu is opened the first item on it is
highlighted. One way of choosing an item from a pull-down menu is
to use the up and down arrow cursor keys to move the highlight up
and down the list of options, and then pressing Return to execute
the highlighted item. The second option is to use the shortcut keys,
see next section.
E 2.2: Shortcut Keys in Pull-Down Menus
Many options in pull-down menus have shortcut keys (accelerators)
which allow you to choose an item from the pull-down menu quickly
with a single key press, for example, P for Print. These shortcut
keys are indicated by underlined characters, so the letter P on the
option Print is underlined, and opens the Print dialog box (see
Section I on dialog boxes).
In contrast to menu bars, in pull-down menus the shortcut keys are
used without the Alt key. This difference is important to remember,
since if you press the Alt key while the pull-down menu is open, you
will cancel all menu activation. See Section E 6 on cancelling menu
activation.
E 2.3: Status of Options in Pull-Down Menus
Sometimes an item on a pull-down menu can simply be on or off.
For example the option View Toolbar displays the toolbar if it is on
(has a tick or dot next to it) and if it is off does not display the
toolbar (no mark next to the option).
Each time you select the option the item will toggle between on and
off. The shortcut key can be used to turn this option on and off.
For example, in the Explorer program you have two items under the
menu item View called 'Toolbar' and 'Status Bar' which both toggle
on and off when you select them. This is how you choose to see or
to hide the bar of icon commands in an application, or for viewing or
hiding the status bar which displays information like the file size or
page number for example.
++ E 3: Cascading Menus (Nested Menus)
Sub-menus that are invoked from pull-down menus are known as
cascading or nested menus. The existence of a cascading menu is
indicated with a right pointing arrow-head next to the parent menu
item. For example: 'Save >'. Pressing return at this point, or
pressing the right arrow key opens a cascading menu which appears
to the right of the selection option, offering a vertical list of further
options which works like a normal pull-down menu. To close a
cascading menu and return to its parent option use the left arrow
key or press Esc.
A simple word processor like Notepad might only have a menu bar,
one level of pull-down menu, and then an execution level or a dialog
box, but a complex application like Word for Windows may have
several levels of menus and a dialog box, before reaching the
execution level.
++ E 4: Indications of What Follows From a Sub-Menu Item
In pull-down, pop-up, or cascading / nested menus of many
applications, symbols are provided next to certain menu items to
indicate what happens if you select each item:
- no symbol means that you will execute the command immediately,
which may for example Save the file immediately.
- three dots means that a dialog box follows, where you might, for
example, be asked which file you wish to open.
- a right pointing arrow-head means that a cascading / nested menu
follows, containing further options.
++ E 5: Disabled Menu Items
Sometimes items in pull-down menus are not available at the current
time. These items are termed "disabled", and are in grey type rather
than in black. This is to prevent us from trying to execute
meaningless operations. For example, in an Edit menu, the option
Paste may be disabled until you have executed a Copy or Cut
command to put some data on the Clipboard. If the Clipboard is
empty there is no data to Paste so the option is disabled. It is
re-enabled as soon as there is data to be Pasted from the Clipboard.
++ E.6: Cancelling Menu Activation
To cancel activation of the current level of menu press the Esc key.